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Color is too gray = color is too blue
Color is too brown = color is too orange
When mixing DARK orange, red-orange, brassy, or yellowish colors, start with burnt umber. Black has too much blue in it and blue is the opposite of orange.
When mixing strong colors, start by attempting to mix a color that is too strong and then dirty it down to match. As oppossed to mixing a dirtish color and then trying to make it stronger to match.
Beware of using white when mixing yellowish or orangish colors. While white may be necessary, it often is not needed in mixtures of yellowish and orangish colors. And once added it can not be removed.